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Frank R. Baumgartner
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Suspect Citizens: What 20 Million Traffic Stops Tell Us About Policing and Race

by Frank R. Baumgartner (Author), Derek A. Epp (Author), Kelsey Shoub (Author)
4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 75 ratings
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Suspect Citizens offers the most comprehensive look to date at the most common form of police-citizen interactions, the routine traffic stop. Throughout the war on crime, police agencies have used traffic stops to search drivers suspected of carrying contraband. From the beginning, police agencies made it clear that very large numbers of police stops would have to occur before an officer might interdict a significant drug shipment. Unstated in that calculation was that many Americans would be subjected to police investigations so that a small number of high-level offenders might be found. The key element in this strategy, which kept it hidden from widespread public scrutiny, was that middle-class white Americans were largely exempt from its consequences. Tracking these police practices down to the officer level, Suspect Citizens documents the extreme rarity of drug busts and reveals sustained and troubling disparities in how racial groups are treated.
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  1. ISBN-10
    1108454046
  2. ISBN-13
    978-1108454049
  3. Publisher
    Cambridge University Press
  4. Publication date
    July 10, 2018
  5. Language
    English
  6. Dimensions
    5.98 x 0.67 x 9.02 inches
  7. Print length
    292 pages
  8. See all details
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Editorial Reviews

Review

'By focusing on every traffic stop in the state of North Carolina from 2002 to 2016, Suspect Citizens provides unassailable evidence of racial bias in routine police-citizen interactions. This book represents a monumental scholarly accomplishment that may also lead to important public policy reforms.' Vincent L. Hutchings, Hanes Walton, Jr, Collegiate Professor, University of Michigan

'For well over a decade North Carolina law enforcement agencies led the nation in collecting traffic stop data as directed by state legislation. Unfortunately, neither state legislators nor law enforcement leaders understood how to interpret or use those data. Law enforcement leaders in North Carolina and across the nation can use this work to better enforce traffic safety laws while building a trusting, transparent relationship with their communities.' Harold E. Medlock, former Chief of Police, Fayetteville, North Carolina, Police Department

'Racialized policing is one of the most pressing civil rights issues of our day. Through a meticulous analysis and sweeping examination of North Carolina’s multiyear data on traffic stops over time and across place, agency, and groups, Suspect Citizens is a deep dive into the causes and injurious consequences of racialized policing. Avoiding easy answers and delivering bold, actionable findings, Baumgartner, Epp, and Shoub capture an essential insight: that aggressive policing strategies exact a high price in community alienation but deliver precious few benefits in public safety. This book arrives at a time when our nation desperately calls out for policy solutions to racially targeted policing.' Vesla M. Weaver, Bloomberg Distinguished Associate Professor, The Johns Hopkins University

'Baumgartner, Epp, and Shoub highlight the different reality of driving in North Carolina faced by black, white, and Hispanic drivers. This book is a must-read for scholars and policymakers who are interested in fairer outcomes in criminal justice and in improving relations between communities of color and the officers who serve them.' Traci Burch, Northwestern University, Illinois

'The most complete picture we have of who the police interact with and how. Suspect Citizens combines ‘big data, ’careful thought, and meticulous and accessible analysis to offer critical insights into police behavior.' Peter K. Enns, author of Incarceration Nation: How the United States Became the Most Punitive Democracy in the World and Cornell University, New York

'The authors, all scholars of criminal justice or government, provide a thorough examination of traffic stops that adds to the breadth of research already in existence, combining a literature review with their own groundbreaking work studying routine traffic stops in North Carolina. … This informative and well-written book will be a valued addition to many library collections, especially those supporting sociology or criminal justice programs.' D. R. Kavish, Choice

'This book is an important primer for policy makers and advocates … The authors … do a good job of speaking to multiple audiences. They cite the relevant criminological, sociological, socialpsychology, and political science literature appropriately.' Doris Marie Provine, Perspectives on Politics

'Teachers of quantitative methods courses looking for data for class assignments will appreciate this, as will scholars, be they emerging or established, looking for high-quality data for new projects on the politics of policing, at least if their focus is on traffic stops, either as a dependent variable or as independent variables. In sum, I highly recommend Suspect Citizens.' Michael Leo Owens, Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics

‘Suspect Citizens, written by a distinguished team of political scientists, delivers on that promise by providing an extraordinary study of racial profiling in North Carolina using the state’s mandated traffic stop database. In the era of big data policing, Baumgartner, Epp, and Shoub demonstrate the value of data mining police practices to reveal racial disparities in 20 million recorded traffic stops between 2002 and 2016 … The book is an important historical and contemporary window into one state’s experience with one of the so-called remedies advocated by social scientists, police practitioners, and politicians in the late 1990s to reduce racial profiling by the police.’ Albert J. Meehan, American Journal of Sociology

Book Description

The costs of racially disparate patterns of police behavior are high, but the crime fighting benefits are low.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Cambridge University Press (July 10, 2018)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 292 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1108454046
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1108454049
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 14.5 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5.98 x 0.67 x 9.02 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.5 4.5 out of 5 stars 75 ratings

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Frank R. Baumgartner

Frank R. Baumgartner

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Customer reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
4.5 out of 5
75 global ratings

Top reviews from the United States

Luke Hudson
5.0 out of 5 stars Exhaustive and Undeniable
Reviewed in the United States on August 24, 2020
Verified Purchase
Bear in mind before reading this book that it is more scholarly research than a typical book. Perhaps the most complete analysis of the state of policing (at least in North Carolina), virtually every one of the millions of traffic stops in the state occurring from 2002 to 2016 is the sample. For anyone who took stat in high school or college, the sample is in fact the entire population of data obtainable.
Incontrovertible evidence of widespread racial disparities among all of the state’s law enforcement agencies are measured meticulously with statistical analysis that can at times be a little dense to get through, but the numbers don’t lie, and the explanations accompanying the countless graphs and tables make the statistical models easy to understand.
Legislation mandated the collection of this data to find out once and for all whether there is racial bias in policing; the legislation also mandated regular official analysis of the data. Official analysis has never occurred. This book takes the liberty of fulfilling the state’s shirked responsibility to reveal the truth apparent.
Far from a smear job or ACAB, the data is really of the police, by the police, and for the police. The data, collected by officers, would be most useful to the police chiefs and sheriffs who care about having a trusting and engaging community, and are willing to hold their officers accountable for equitable policing and make reforms. The “bad apple” argument is thoroughly disproven by the data. If 30% of the apples are bad, what’s ill is the tree. Police chiefs armed with that knowledge can repair the eroded trust in their communities and pivot from long-standing, ineffective, and alienating policing tactics. If not, this book is available to constituents and policymakers as probable cause for making their own changes.
6 people found this helpful
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Amazon Customer
5.0 out of 5 stars The read of the year!
Reviewed in the United States on August 11, 2018
Verified Purchase
We've heard about bias by the police. Then we heard it was "fake news". Here's the data - collected by the police departments.. Twenty million cases analyzed clearly and concisely and distilled into a single understandable conclusion.
Beautifully written. Needs to be a part of the national conversation!
8 people found this helpful
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Barry Hill
5.0 out of 5 stars Very relevant to discussion of police bias today
Reviewed in the United States on July 15, 2020
Verified Purchase
Level-headed, well-documented study of traffic stops in North Carolina, by a well-known professor at UNC. Important addition to our dialogue on systemic racism.
One person found this helpful
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R. Gray
5.0 out of 5 stars Great Book
Reviewed in the United States on April 7, 2019
Verified Purchase
Great read, great book. I recommend it.
2 people found this helpful
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msluv2read
5.0 out of 5 stars Superb Read
Reviewed in the United States on December 27, 2020
Do not let the title fool you. This book is so much more than the title. Awesome read.Thanks to NetGalley, the author and the publisher for the ARC of this book in return for my honest review. Receiving the book in this manner had no bearing on my review.
One person found this helpful
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Deborah Stroman
5.0 out of 5 stars Now What?
Reviewed in the United States on March 6, 2019
The #1 data examination of policing! No more dismissals. No more denials. The data has been examined, critiqued, and published. (Plus, the data offers an investigation for when the so-called "bad apples" officers are removed from the analysis.) It is time to address race and racism in our communities. Many thanks to Dr. Baumgartner and his team to reveal and illuminate these disturbing truths. Please read and share this book. It's time to go to work in our local towns and cities.
3 people found this helpful
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